參考文獻(xiàn)/References:
[1] 中華人民共和國國家統(tǒng)計(jì)局. 中國統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒2019[M]. 北京：中國統(tǒng)計(jì)出版社，2019：37.
[2] Boyce B F，Xing L. Biology of rank，rank，and osteoprote-gerin [J]. Arthritis Res Ther，2007，9(1)：1.
[3] Boyce B F，Xing L. Functions of RANKL/RANK/OPG in bone modeling and remodeling[J]. Arch Biochem Biophys，2008，473(2)：139-146.
[4] Lacey D L，Boyle W J，Simonet W S，et al. Bench to bedside:elucidation of the OPG-RANK-RANKL pathway and the development of denosumab[J]. Nat Rev Drug Discov，2012，11(5)：401-419.
[5] Kostenuik P J，Nguyen H Q，McCabe J，et al. Denosumab，a fully human monoclonal antibody to RANKL，inhibits bone resorption and increases BMD in knock-in mice that express chimeric(murine/human)RANKL[J]. J Bone Miner Res，2009，24(2)：182-195.
[6] Cummings S R，San M J，McClung M R，et al. Denosumab for prevention of fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis[J]. N Engl J Med，2009，361(8)：756-765.
[7] Bilezikian J P，Lin C J F，Brown J P，et al. Long-term denosumab treatment restores cortical bone loss and reduces fracture risk at the forearm and humerus： analyses from the FREEDOM Extension cross-over group[J]. Osteoporosis，2019，30(9)：1855-1864.
[8] Kendler D L，Chines A，Brandi M L，et al. The risk of subsequent osteoporotic fractures is decreased in subjects experiencing fracture while on denosumab：results from the FREEDOM and FREEDOM Extension studies[J]. Osteoporosis，2019，30(1)：71-78.
[9] Shoback D，Rosen C J，Black D M，et al. Pharmacological management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women：an endocrine society guideline update[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab，2020，105(3)：587-594.
[10] Behanova M，Reichardt B，Stamm T A，et al. Treatment effects of bisphosphonates and denosumab on survival and refracture from real-world data of hip-fractured patients[J]. Calcif Tissue，2019，105(6)：630-641.
[11] Gnant M，Pfeiler G，Dubsky P C，et al. Adjuvant denosumab in breast cancer(ABCSG-18)：a multicentre，randomized，double-blind，placebo-controlled trial[J]. Lancet,2015，386(9992)：433-443.
[12] Nakamura T，Matsumoto T，Sugimoto T，et al. Clinical trials express：fracture risk reduction with denosumab in Japanese postmenopausal women and men with osteoporosis：denosumab fracture intervention randomized placebo controlled trial(DIRECT) [J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metabolism,2014，99(7)：2599-2607.
[13] Broadwell A，Chines A，Ebeling P R，et al. Denosumab safety and efficacy among participants in the FREEDOM extension study with mild to moderate chronic kidney disease[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab,2021，106(2)：397-409.
[14] Otto S，Pautke C，Van W，et al. Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jawpPrevention，diagnosis and management in patients with cancer and bone metastases[J]. Cancer Treat Rev,2018，69(9)：177-187.
[15] Fassio A，Adami G，Benini C，et al. Changes in Dkk-1，sclerostin，and RANKL serum levels following discontinuation of long-term denosumab treatment in postmenopausal women[J]. Bone,2019，123(6)：191-195.
[16] Jahn R K，Wolfel EM，Jobke B，et al. Elevated bone hardness under denosumab treatment，with persisting lower osteocyte viability during discontinuation[J]. Front Endocrinol,2020，11(5)：250.
[17] Niimi R，Kono T，Nishihara A，et al. Second rebound-associated vertebral fractures after denosumab discontinuation[J]. Arch Osteoporos,2020，15(1)：7.
[18] Adami S，Libanati C，Boonen S，et al. Denosumab treatment in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis does not interfere with fracture-healing：results from the FREEDOM trial[J]. J Bone Joint Surg Am，2012，94(23)：2113-2119.